Document is current

Article History

Received: 2 November 2025

Accepted: 26 November 2025

First Online: 13 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Svenja Royeck was an advisor, speaker or investigator for Almirall, Incyte Inc., Eli Lilly, LEO Pharma and Sanofi/Regeneron outside the submitted work. Anna Daphne Bamidis has no conflicts of interest to declare. Conrad Weckbecker has no conflicts of interest to declare. Silke C. Hofmann has been an advisor, speaker or investigator for Amgen, Galderma, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Infectopharm, and GSK. Sonja Ständer was speaker and/or consultant and/or Investigator and/or has received research funding from Amgen Inc., Almirall S. A., Celldex Therapeutics Inc., Clexio Biosciences Ltd., Focus-Insight Healthtech Group Co. Ltd., Galderma Laboratorium GmbH, Galderma R & D, LLC., Galderma SA, Klirna Biotech Inc., GSK R&D Ltd., Incyte Corporation, LEO Pharma GmbH, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Novartis Pharma GmbH, P. G. Unna Academy, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Sanofi-Aventis R& D, Sanofi Genzyme Corporation, TouchIME, Vifor Pharma Deutschland GmbH. Sonja Ständer is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Sonja Ständer was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Natalija Novak has been an advisor, speaker or investigator for Abbvie, Alk Abello, Almirall, Bencard Allergy Therapeutics, Blueprint, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, DocCheck, Eli Lilly, Galderma, HAL Allergie, Incyte, Leo Pharma, Janssen, Leti Pharma, Lofarma, Moonlake, Novartis, Phadia, Regenoron, Sanofi Genzyme, Stallergenes Greer, Streamed up, Thermo Fisher Scientific, UCB. Galina Balakirski has been an advisor, speaker or investigator for Abbvie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Infectopharm, Janssen-Cilag, Leo Pharma, MoonLake Immunotherapeutics, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB Pharma. Dagmar Wilsmann-Theis has been an advisor, speaker or investigator for Abbvie, Almirall, Amgen, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Hexal, Incyte, Janssen-Cilag, Leo Pharma, Eli Lilly, Medac, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Moonlake Immunotherapeutics, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

: The study received approval from the Ethics Committee at the Medical Faculty Bonn, Germany (approval 2022–53-BO) and the Ethics Committee at the University Witten/Herdecke (approval 46/2023). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its later amendments. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.