Document is current

Article History

Received: 14 November 2025

Accepted: 15 December 2025

First Online: 5 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Jensen Yeung has been an advisor, consultant, speaker, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Amgen, Anacor, Apogee, Arcutis, Astellas, Bausche, Baxalta, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Centocor, Coherus, Dermira, Forward, Fresenius Kabi, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Medimmune, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, Takeda, UCB, and Xenon. Vimal Prajapati has been an advisor, consultant, and/or speaker for AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Apogee Therapeutics, Aralez, Arcutis, Aspen, Bausch Health, BioScript Solutions, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Canadian Psoriasis Network, Celgene, Celltrion, Cipher, CorEvitas, Eczema Society of Canada, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Homeocan, Incyte, JAMP Pharma, J&J Innovative Medicine, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, Medexus, Novartis, Organon, Pediapharm, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, Tribute, UCB, and Valeant; investigator for AbbVie, AnaptysBio, Apogee Therapeutics, Arcutis, Arena, Asana, Bausch Health, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Concert, CorEvitas, Dermavant, Dermira, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Meiji Pharma, Nektar Therapeutics, Nimbus Lakshmi, Novartis, Pfizer, RAPT Therapeutics, Regeneron, Reistone, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, Takeda, and UCB; received grants from AbbVie, Bausch Health, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, and Sanofi Genzyme. Anna Balato has received fees from Abbvie, Almirall, Amgen, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli-Lilly, LeoPharma, Novartis, UCB. Stefano Caccavale has received fees from Abbvie, Aristo pharma Italy srl, Novartis, Eli-Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim. Maria João Cruz has been an advisor, consultant, speaker, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Almirall, Beiersdorf, Eli Lilly, Galderma, La Roche-Posay, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sanofi. Maria João Paiva Lopes has received grants and speaker’s honoraria and/or has participated in advisory meetings and clinical AbbVie, Almirall, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Leo-Pharma, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Viatris. Jose-Manuel Carrascosa has received grants and speaker’s honoraria and/or has participated in advisory meetings and clinical for AbbVie, Novartis, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi Genzyme, and UCB. Bruno Duarte has received honoraria for acting as a consultant and/or as a speaker for AbbVie, Pfizer, Janssen-Cilag, Leo-Pharma, Eli Lilly, Sanofi-Regeneron, Galderma, and Almirall. He also was Principal Investigator in Clinical Trials supported by Abbvie and Sanofi. Francesca Prignano served as advisory board member and consultant and has received fees and speaker's honoraria or has participated in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall, Leo Pharma, Eli-Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme, UCB, and Boehringer-Ingelheim. Antonios G.A. Kolios has served as an investigator, speaker, and/or advisor for AbbVie, Abbott, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Eli Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Celgene, Novartis, Actelion, Leo, Amgen, Alk-Abello, and UCB and does not hold any shares or other financial interest in any pharmaceutical company. Niccolò Gori served as advisory board member and received honoraria for lectures for AbbVie, Sanofi, and Leo-Pharma. Andrea Chiricozzi has served as advisory board member and consultant and has received fees and speaker’s honoraria or has participated in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Galderma, Leo Pharma, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi Genzyme. Ketty Peris has served on advisory board, received honoraria for lectures and/or research grants for Abbvie, Almirall, Lilly, Galderma, Leo Pharma, Pierre Fabre, Novartis, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, Janssen. Simone Ribero has been an advisor, consultant, speaker, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme, and UCB. Michela Ortoncelli has been an advisor, consultant, speaker, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme, and UCB. Elizabeth Lazaridou has received grants and speaker’s honoraria and/or has participated in advisory meetings and clinical trials for Abbvie, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Leo Pharma, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Janssen, UCB, Amgen, Pierre Fabre, Loreal, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Incyte. Angelo Valerio Marzano reports consultancy/advisory boards disease-relevant honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Incyte, Leopharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB. Silvia Mariel Ferrucci reports consultancy/advisory boards disease-relevant honoraria from Amgen, Sanofi, Novartis, Lilly, Leo Pharma, Abbvie, Novartis, Menarini. Spyridon Gkalpakiotis has served as a consultant, speaker, or investigator for AbbVie, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB. Pedro Herranz has received grants and speaker’s honoraria and/or has participated in advisory meetings and clinical for AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda, UCB. Tiago Torres has received consultancy and/or speaker’s honoraria from and/or participated in clinical trials sponsored by AbbVie, Amgen, Almirall, Amgen, Apogee Therapeutics, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Biocad, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Fresenius-Kabi, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Samsung-Bioepis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Sandoz, STADA and UCB. José Miguel Alvarenga, Pedro Farinha, Siddhartha Sood, Brian D. Rankin, Gilberto Pires Rosa, Athina Ioanna Daponte, Gianmarco Silvi,Natalia Rompoti and Stamatios Gregoriou report no conflicts of interest. Tiago Torres, Jose-Manuel Carrascosa and Stamatios Gregoriou are Editorial Board members of Dermatology and Therapy . Tiago Torres, Jose-Manuel Carrascosa and Stamatios Gregoriou were not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: This study was a retrospective, non-interventional analysis conducted using fully de-identified, anonymized, and aggregated data collected as part of routine clinical practice. In accordance with applicable national and institutional regulations at the participating centers, formal ethics committee approval and informed consent were not required for this type of study. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.