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Authors
Chang, Yuan
Tang, Gongfeng
Wu, Haixuan
Liang, Xuelei
Liu, Yi
Zhuo, Fenglin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8972-5080
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (L234068)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273555)
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Declarations
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: All authors; Yuan Chang, Gongfeng Tang, Haixuan Wu, Xuelei Liang, Yi Liu and Fenglin Zhuo declare that they have no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Beijing Friendship Hospital (2021-P2-284). Written informed consent was obtained for the publication and the use of all patients’ images before their enrollment in the study. This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its subsequent amendments.
