Document is current

Article History

Received: 19 December 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 10 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare the following conflicts of interest: Tiago Torres: AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Apogee Therapeutics, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Biocad, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Celgene, Eli-Lilly, Fresenius-Kabi, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Samsung Bioepis, Sanofi- Genzyme, Sandoz, STADA, UCB, Viatris. Conflict of Interest’ section: Tiago Torres is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy. Tiago Torres was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. João Teles Sousa: AbbVie, Eli-Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma. Joana Antunes: AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Moonlake Immunotherapeutics, Novartis and Sanofi. Pedro Mendes-Bastos: AbbVie, Almirall, Alumis, Amgen, Apogee,, Biogen, Cantabria Labs, CS Labs, Eli-Lilly, Evelo Biosciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal,Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sanofi-Regeneron, Takeda, Teva and Viatris. Ana Brasileiro: AbbVie, Almirall, Biogen, Eli-Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, Novartis, and Sanofi. Vitor Neto: AbbVie, Johnson & Johnson. Martinha Henrique: AbbVie, Almirall, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, LEO Pharma, Eli-Lilly, and Sanofi. Rita Pimenta: AbbVie, Almirall, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, Novartis. Sofia Magina: Abbvie, Almirall, Amgen, Eli-Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Leo-Pharma, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi. Fernando Mota: Abbvie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galderma, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi Genzyme. These disclosures reflect engagements in roles such as consultancy, advisory, speaker participation, or involvement in clinical research. Diana Lourenço is an employee of Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Portugal.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board or independent ethics committee at each participating center. The CERES study was a national, prospective, noninterventional, real-world observational study conducted under routine clinical practice in Portugal, with no assignment of treatment, no randomization, and no deviation from standard of care; all treatment decisions were made independently by the treating physicians prior to and irrespective of study participation. In accordance with applicable national and international regulations, non-interventional observational studies of this nature are not required to be registered in public clinical trial registries. The study was conducted in compliance with all ethical and regulatory requirements, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to inclusion.