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Article History

Received: 25 November 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 19 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Emanuele Trovato has nothing to disclose; Claudio Bonifati has received support for consulting fees, honoraria, and support for attending meetings from AbbVie, Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, and Amgen; Simone Ribero has received research grants, travel support, and consultancy fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Leo Pharma, Johnson & Johnson, L’Oréal, Sanofi, Sandoz, UCB, Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Bristol Myers Squibb; Massimiliano Scalvenzi has nothing to disclose; Alessandra Narcisi has served on advisory boards and has received honoraria for lectures and research grants from Almirall, AbbVie, Leo Pharma, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Amgen, and Boehringer Ingelheim; Aldo Cuccia has nothing to disclose; Vincenzo Panasiti has nothing to disclose; Antonio Giovanni Richetta has nothing to disclose; Gianluca Pagnanelli has no financial disclosures regarding the study; Ketty Peris has received support for consulting fees and honoraria from AbbVie, Almirall, Biogen, Celgene, Janssen, Galderma, Novartis, Lilly, Pierre Fabre, Sandoz, Sanofi, and Sun Pharma; Franco Rongioletti has nothing to disclose; Francesca Satolli has nothing to disclose; Federico Bardazzi has been a consultant, adviser, and clinical study investigator for Eli Lilly, AbbVie, Novartis, Leo Pharma, Sandoz, Bristol Myers Squibb, Abiogen Pharma, Celgene, and Janssen; Alessandro Borghi has nothing to disclose; Carlo Carrera has served as a board participant or speaker for AbbVie, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Celgene, Almirall, and Leo Pharma; Marco Galluzzo declares to have acted as speaker and/or consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, Novartis, and Sanofi, outside the submitted work; Claudia Lasagni declares a conflict of interest with AbbVie, Novartis, Lilly, and Almirall; Giovanna Moretti has nothing to disclose; Marco Romanelli has nothing to disclose; Emanuele Cozzani has acted as a speaker for AbbVie, Almirall, Eli Lilly, and Novartis; Claudio Guarneri has been a scientific consultant, speaker, and/or clinical study investigator for AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Almirall, and Leo Pharma; Marina Venturini has served as advisory board member and/or consultant and has received fees and speaker’s honoraria and/or has participated in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Janssen, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, and UCB Pharma; Maria Rita Bongiorno has nothing to disclose; Francesca Prignano has served as advisory board member and consultant and has received fees and speaker’s honoraria or has participated in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall, Leo Pharma, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme, UCB, and Boehringer Ingelheim; Vito Di Lernia has served as consultant and/or member of Data Safety Monitoring Boards or advisory boards and/or has received speaker honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Janssen, and Novartis; Franca Taviti has nothing to disclose; Severino Persechino has nothing to disclose; Rocco De Pasquale has nothing to disclose; Fabrizio Colonna has received fees from Almirall for conference and scientific consultancy; Marina Talamonti declares to have acted as speaker and/or consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, Novartis, and Sanofi; Antonio Costanzo has served as advisory board member and consultant and has received fees and speaker’s honoraria or participated in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall, Biogen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme, and UCB Pharma.

: This study followed Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices of the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE 2016), the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines, the ethical principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and the Italian AIFA Guidelines for the classification and management of observational studies on drugs. Ethical approval was obtained from the independent ethics committee at each study site. All patients provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.