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Article History

Received: 13 December 2025

Accepted: 6 February 2026

First Online: 22 February 2026

Change Date: 15 March 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Given name and family name of author Fátima Tous Romero updated.

Declarations

:

: Francisco Javier Melgosa Ramos has received honoraria and/or travel grants and/or has acted as an advisory board member for Novartis, Abbvie, Janssen Cilag, UCB, Lilly, LEO Pharma, L’Oreal, Sanofi, Almirall, and Amgen. Antonio Martorell has acted as a consultant, advisory board member, and investigator, and has received honoraria from Novartis, AbbVie, Janssen Cilag, UCB, Lilly, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, Sanofi, Sandoz, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Amgen. Fátima Tous Romero has received honoraria and/or travel grants and/or has acted as an advisory board member for Novartis, Abbvie,, Lilly, LEO Pharma, Sanofi, Almirall, and Pfizer. Santiago Guillén Climent, Raquel Cavestany, and Javier Sabater Abad declare no conflicts of interest in relation to this manuscript.

: The study protocol was reviewed in accordance with institutional ethics policies and was considered exempt from formal approval in accordance with Spanish Law 14/2007 on Biomedical Research and EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 2016/679, owing to its retrospective design and the use of fully anonymized data. In accordance with institutional policies, the requirement for written informed consent was waived. Patients were informed through institutional privacy notices and had the opportunity to opt out from the use of their anonymized data for research purposes. Data were collected and processed in compliance with GDPR standards, and no identifiable personal information was accessible to the investigators. When required, specific consent for publication was obtained.