Document is current

Article History

Received: 18 December 2025

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 2 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Matthias Augustin has received consulting fees and/or speaker fees and/or institutional research support from the following pharmaceutical companies manufacturing drugs for psoriasis: AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Biogen, Boehringer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celltrion, Centocor, Eli Lilly, Fresenius, GSK, Hexal, Janssen, Klinge, LEO Pharma, MC2, Medac, Merck, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sun Pharma, UCB, and Viatris. Paul-Gunther Sator has been an advisor and/or received speaker honoraria or travel expense reimbursements and/or received grants and/or participated in clinical trials for AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Almirall, Janssen, Novartis, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, MSD, Celgene, Maruho, ALK, Galderma Abbott, UCB, Gilead, and Eli-Lilly. Ralph von Kiedrowski declares that, through his own company CMS GmbH, he has received honoraria for lectures, consultancy work, and studies from AbbVie, Almirall, Biofrontera, Biogen, Celgene, Dr. Pfleger, Foamix, Janssen Cilag, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Medac, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Tigercat, and UCB. Dimitris Rigopoulos has received consultancy fees, payment for lectures and support for travel to scientific meetings from Celgene, Novartis, Janssen, and AbbVie. Marco Romanelli has participated in the advisory board of AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Urgo. Pierre-Dominique Ghislain has received speaker fees, participated in clinical trials and/or advisory boards for Pfizer, MSD, AbbVie, Janssen-Cilag, Merck-Serono, LEO Pharma, Novartis, UCB, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Galderma, BMS, Meda, Maruho, Flen, Menarini, Almirall, PellePharm, and Mylan. Tiago Torres has received speaker fees, participated in clinical trials and/or advisory boards for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, BIOCAD, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Samsung-Bioepis, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Sandoz. Tiago Torres is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis. Tiago was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Dimitrios Ioannides has received speaker fees, participated in clinical trials and/or advisory boards for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Genesis, Galderma, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. Cynthia Vizcaya, Andreas Clemens, and Weibin Bao are employees and shareholders of Novartis. Christelle C. Pieterse is an employee of Syneos Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, contracting for Novartis. Barbara Schulz is an associate at GKM Gesellschaft fuer Therapieforschung mbH, Lessingstrasse, München, Germany, which provides services to Novartis. Piotr Jagiello was employed by Novartis at the time of the study. Curdin Conrad served as scientific advisor and/or clinical study investigator and/or paid speaker for AbbVie, Actelion, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Samsung, and UCB.

: All patients provided written informed consent before enrollment. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of each participating center according to local regulations. The trial is conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices (GPP) of the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE 2008), the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, the Declaration of Helsinki, and local regulations for each country.