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Article History

Received: 19 December 2025

Accepted: 10 March 2026

First Online: 28 March 2026

Declarations

:

: All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Material preparation and data analysis were conducted by Luigi Gargiulo, Luciano Ibba, Matteo Bianco, and Sara Di Giulio. Data collection was performed by Mario Valenti, Gianluca Avallone, Martina Zussino, and Paolo Calzari. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Luigi Gargiulo and Luciano Ibba, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Alessandra Narcisi and Silvia M. Ferrucci performed the review and the editing of the final draft of the manuscript. Alessandra Narcisi, Silvia M. Ferrucci, Antonio Costanzo, and Angelo V. Marzano supervised the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

: No funding or sponsorship was received for this study or publication of this article.

: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Luigi Gargiulo has been a consultant and/or speaker and has served as an advisory board member for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, BMS, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Johnson and Johnson, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB Pharma. Luciano Ibba has been a consultant and/or speaker and has served as an advisory board member for Almirall and LEO Pharma. Matteo Bianco has been a speaker for BMS. Mario Valenti has been a consultant and/or speaker for Sanofi, Leo Pharma, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Janssen, AbbVie, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Mario Valenti is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Mario Valenti was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Angelo V. Marzano has conflict of interest with AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers, Squibb, Incyte, Leopharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB. Antonio Costanzo has served as an advisory board member and as consultant and has received fees and speaker’s honoraria or has participated in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall, Biogen, Leo Pharma, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme, and UCB Pharma. Silvia M. Ferrucci has been principal investigator in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall, Galderma, Leo Pharma, Sanofi, Amgen, and Novartis, Bayer, and received honoraria for lectures for Novartis and Menarini. Alessandra Narcisi has served on advisory boards, received honoraria for lectures, and research grants from Almirall, AbbVie, Leo Pharma, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Amgen, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Sara Di Giulio, Gianluca Avallone, Martina Zussino, and Paolo Calzari have nothing to declare. Luigi Gargiulo and Mario Valenti are Editorial Board members of Dermatology and Therapy . Luigi Gargiulo and Mario Valenti were not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: Ethical approval was granted by an institutional review board (Ethics Approval Committee Lombardia 3, protocol number Lebri-AD-2024). All patients received lebrikizumab, as per standard clinical practice, in accordance with European and Italian guidelines for the management of atopic eczema. For some of the included patients, Almirall provided the drug lebrikizumab through a Compassionate Use Program activated according to the DM 7/9/2017. The study was conducted following the principles of the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. Data collection and handling complied with applicable laws, regulations, and guidance regarding patient protection, including patient privacy. All patients provided written informed consent to participate in the study and for publication.