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Article History

Received: 28 January 2026

Accepted: 11 March 2026

First Online: 31 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Financial arrangements of the authors with companies whose products may be related to the present report are listed as declared by the authors: Lev Pavlovsky has served as an investigator for Abbvie, Coherus, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Janssen Biotech, Eli Lilly, and Bristol Myers Squibb and as an advisor, consultant, and/or invited lecturer for Abbvie, Janssen Biotech, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Pfizer Inc., Dexcel Pharma, Eli Lilly, Bristol Myers Squibb, Neopharm, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Yulia Valdman-Grinshpoun has served as a consultant, advisor, or speaker to AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcel pharma, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Neopharm, Novartis, Johnson & Johnson, Perrigo, Pfizer, Sanofi, Piere Fabre, MSD, BMS, Taro, Cellgen, and Amgen. Sari Murad has served as a consultant to Taro, Johnson and Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, L’Oréal, La roche posay, CeraVe, Abbvie, and Lilly. Eran Shavit has served as a consultant to AbbVie and has received research funding and speaker fees from AbbVie. Tali Czarnowicki served as a consultant, advisor, or speaker to Abbvie; La Roche-posay; Neopharm; Novartis; Rafa; Sanofi. Naji Bathish and Yuri Shclar served as a consultant, advisor, or speaker to Novartis; Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, BMS, LILY, TARO, ABBVIE. Liuqing Yang, Assaf Halperin, Shiran Naftalberg Blonder, Raanan Cohen, Alex Bleterman, Moran Barak, Inbal Piller Maor, and Sandra Goss are employees of AbbVie and own AbbVie stock. Hagit Matz and Igor Snast have nothing to disclose.

: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Rabin Medical Center (0002–21-RMC), and the IRBs of all participating study sites (full list in Supplementary Table S4). All participants provided informed consent to participate in the study.