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Article History

Received: 27 January 2026

Accepted: 18 March 2026

First Online: 16 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Nada Elbuluk: consultant, advisory board member, and/or speaker for AbbVie, Allergan, Avita, Beiersdorf, Canfield, Dior, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, Kao USA, Kenvue, La Roche Posay, L’Oreal, McGraw-Hill, Medscape, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, and VisualDx; grant funding from Pfizer and Eli Lilly; royalties from McGraw-Hill; stock options in VisualDx. April W. Armstrong: research investigator, scientific adviser, and/or speaker for AbbVie, Almirall, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, ASLAN Therapeutics, Beiersdorf, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Dermira, EPI, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, Mindera, Nimbus, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, and UCB. Ronald Vender: grants/research support and speaker bureau/honoraria from AbbVie, Alumis, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Bausch Health, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, JAMP Pharma, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Meiji, Novartis, Organon, Orka, Sandoz, Sun Pharma, Takeda, and UCB; speaker bureau fees from AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Bausch Health, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Cipher, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GSK, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun Pharma, and UCB; consulting fees from AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Aralez, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Bausch Health, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Cipher, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GSK, Janssen, Kabi-Care, LEO Pharma, Merck, Novartis, Paladin, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sun Pharma, UCB, and Viatris-Mylan. Tina Bhutani: research funding from Amgen, Castle Biosciences, CorEvitas, Novartis, Pfizer, and Regeneron; adviser for AbbVie, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, ASLAN Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, Takeda, and UCB; speaker for Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Galderma, Janssen, Lilly, and LEO Pharma. Lawrence Green: investigator, adviser, and/or speaker for AbbVie, Alumis, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Highlightll Pharmaceutical, Janssen, Ortho Dermatologics, Sun Pharma, Takeda, UCB, and Ventyx Biosciences. Laura K. Ferris: research funding from AbbVie, Acelyrin, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Aristea, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Castle Biosciences, Dermasensor, DermTech, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Moberg, Mobius, Novartis, Regeneron, SkinAnalytics, UCB, and Verrica; consultant and/or speaker for AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Dermavant, DermTech, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi. Vivian Laquer: research for AbbVie, Acelyrin, Acrotech, Amgen, Argenx, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, ASLAN Therapeutics, Biofrontera, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Horizon Therapeutics, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Padagis, Pfizer, Q32 Bio, Rapt, Sun Pharma, UCB, and Ventyx Biosciences. Angela Moore: research funds from AbbVie, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Takeda, and UCB. Jamie Weisman: research grants from AbbVie, Alumis, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermira, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Merck, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Takeda. Wenwen Zhang and Warren Winkelman: employees and equity holders in Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Melinda J. Gooderham: investigator, speaker, and/or adviser for AbbVie, Akros, Alumis, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Apogee Therapeutics, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Aristea, Bausch Health, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Dermira, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GSK, Incyte, Inmagene, JAMP Pharma, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, MedImmune, Meiji, MoonLake Immunotherapeutics, Nimbus, Novartis, Pfizer, Q32 Bio, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, Takeda, Tarsus Pharmaceuticals, UCB, Union Therapeutics, Ventyx Biosciences, and Vyne Therapeutics.

: This study was performed in accordance with ethical principles originating from the Declaration of Helsinki, which are consistent with Good Clinical Practice and applicable regulatory requirements. Patients provided written informed consent before starting the study. The clinical study protocol (and amendments), investigator brochure, samples of informed consent forms and other study-related documents were reviewed and approved by institutional review boards or independent ethics committees of all study sites. Consent for publication was not applicable as no identifying information is included in this manuscript.