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Article History

Received: 10 October 2025

Accepted: 24 March 2026

First Online: 25 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Amy S. Paller has served as an investigator for AbbVie, Biomendics, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Regeneron, and UCB; serves as a consultant for Abeona, Arcutis, BioCryst, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Castle Creek, Chiesi, Dermavant, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Krystal, LEO Pharma, Lilly, L’Oreal, MoonLake Immunotherapeutics, Peltheos, Quoin, Regeneron, and Sanofi; and on the data safety monitoring board for for AbbVie, Abeona, Biocryst, Daiichi Sankyo, and Galderma. Michael J. Cork has served as a clinical trial investigator for Astellas, Galapagos, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, La Roche-Posay, MSD, Novartis, Perrigo, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, and Stiefel; has served as an advisory board member, consultant, and/or invited lecturer for Pfizer Inc., Amgen, Astellas, Bayer, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, MSD, Novartis, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, Stiefel, and Unilever; has received honoraria from Astellas, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, and Stiefel; and has received research funding from Bayer. Norito Katoh has received honoraria as a speaker/consultant for Sanofi, Maruho, Abbvie, Ely-Lilly Japan, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Torii Pharmaceutical, and LEO Pharma, and has received grants as an investigator from Maruho, Ely-Lilly Japan, Sun Pharma, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Torii Pharmaceutical, Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Kyowa Kirin, Jansen Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Abbvie, and LEO Pharma. H. Chih-ho Hong is a researcher, consultant, and/or advisor for AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis, Aslan, Bausch Health, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Celgene, Dermavant, Dermira, DS Biopharma, Eli Lilly, Evelo, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, JAMP Pharma, Janssen, LEO Pharma, MedImmune, Novartis, Organon, Oruka, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, Takeda, and UCB. Weily Soong reports grants from LEO Pharma during the conduct of the study; personal fees from LEO Pharma, Regeneron, Sanofi, Genentech, Lilly, AbbVie, Pfizer, Amgen, and AstraZeneca; grants from Regeneron, Genentech, Lilly, Glenmark, Allakos, AbbVie, Pfizer, Incyte, Aslan, and Amgen; serving on the advisory boards of and receiving research grants from Incyte, Lilly, Genentech, Novartis, and UCB; serving on the advisory boards, receiving research grants, and serving as a speaker for AbbVie, LEO Pharma, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi; and receiving research grants from Allakos, Dermavant, and Galderma. Shannon K. R. Schneider and Hannah Lo are employees of LEO Pharma Inc. Frank Vinther is an employee of LEO Pharma A/S. Patrick Thøgersen was an employee of LEO Pharma A/S. Andreas Wollenberg has received grants, personal fees, or nonfinancial support from AbbVie, Almirall, AMGEN, Beiersdorf, Bioderma, BMS, Chugai, Galapagos, Galderma, GSK, Hans Karrer, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, L’Oreal, Maruho, MedImmune, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron, Sandoz, Santen, Sanofi-Aventis, and UCB.

: The trial protocol was approved by all relevant ethics committees and institutional review boards [ ]. The trial was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Council on Harmonization Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice and conformed with all relevant country-specific laws and regulations. All patients, or their legal representatives, provided written informed consent.