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Authors
Schwedhelm, Carolina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7617-6641
Kunk, Leonie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-9805
Pawlowska-Phelan, Dorota
Behmer, Olaf
Plenske, Anja
Herrath, Jessica
Thaçi, Diamant https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-550X
Kisser, Agnes https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1486-8795
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Article History
Received: 17 February 2026
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: Carolina Schwedhelm, Leonie Kunk, Anja Plenske, Jessica Herrath, and Agnes Kisser are employees of Pfizer Pharma GmbH and may hold Pfizer stocks. Dorota Pawlowska-Phelan is an employee of InGef – Institute for Applied Health Research Berlin GmbH, which executes data analysis and manuscript preparation for IGES Institut GmbH. IGES Institut GmbH received funding from Pfizer. Olaf Behmer was an employee of Pfizer Pharma GmbH at the time of this study. Diamant Thaçi is a consultant, advisory board member, and investigator for Pfizer Inc., AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Beiersdorf, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celltrion, Fresenius, Eli Lilly and Company, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, NewBridge, Novartis, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, Takeda, Target RWE, UCB, and Vichy.
: Because all patient‐level data in the database are anonymized to comply with German data protection regulations and German federal law, neither approval by an ethics committee nor patient consent were required. The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
