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Article History

Received: 13 November 2025

Accepted: 8 April 2026

First Online: 30 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Adilson DaCosta is a former employee of Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Limited. Cláudio de Lélis Filgueiras de Souza and Renan Minotto report no conflicts of interest. Selam Shah and James P. Stansbury are former employees of ICON plc. Olga Moshkovich is a current employee of ICON plc. Siu-Long Yao is a former employee of Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Limited.

: Clinician participants were informed of the study objectives before the interviews and at the start of the interviews; they are included as members of the ViSENPsO Study Group. Patient consent for the qualitative interviews was obtained before the start of the interviews; patients reviewed the study information sheet, which included the study objectives and informed them that the results could be published, before providing consent. The studies were performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments, the US Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR Parts 50 and 56), the Department of Health and Human Services (45 CFR Part 46), the ICH Guideline for Good Clinical Practice E6(R2), and the ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report. Institutional review board approval was obtained for the patient pile sort and interviews from the Salus Institutional Review Board (Protocol number: 3783–0026).