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Article History

Received: 14 January 2026

Accepted: 8 April 2026

First Online: 3 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Jianzhong Zhang has received consulting fees and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Pfizer Investment Co. Ltd., Novartis Pharmaceuticals (China), Sanofi China, LEO Pharma (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., GSK (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Eli Lilly and Company (China), Xi’an Jansen Pharmaceutical Ltd., Bristol-Myers Squibb (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Beijing Wenfeng Tianji Pharma Ltd., Keymed Biosciences (Chengdu) Ltd., Akeso Biopharma Co. Ltd., and Kintor Pharmaceutical Ltd. Adam El Mongy Jørgensen is an employee of LEO Pharma A/S; Merle Kurvits and Jens Strodl Andersen are shareholders and employees of LEO Pharma A/S. Lin Cai, Furen Zhang, Guoqiang Zhang, Yangfeng Ding, Yan Zhou, Shanshan Li, Juan Tao, Wei Yan, Rong Xiao, Bin Yang, Jianjun Qiao, Xiaoyong Man, and Zaixing Wang have nothing to disclose.

: At each investigational site, an independent ethics committee reviewed and approved the clinical trial protocol and informed consent form. The Ethical Review Committee of Peking University People’s Hospital provided the principal approval; the names of the remaining ethics committees are provided in Supplementary Table . The trial was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice, with the patients’ understanding and written informed consent. There was no patient or public involvement in the design, conduct, or reporting of the trial.