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Article History

Received: 25 November 2025

Accepted: 9 April 2026

First Online: 2 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Tarannum Jaleel has received research grants from UCB, Skin of Color Society, Dermatology Foundation, Duke Strong Start Award, Duke Precisions Genomics Collaboratory Pilot Grant, NIH BIRCWH from NIAMS K12AR084231. She has also received speaker honorarium from PeerView, consulting fees from Novartis, Eli Lilly, and travel funds to attend meetings from Skin of Color Society, and IDEOM. She is also associated with the Skin of Color Society in a leadership or fiduciary role within other boards, societies, committees, or advocacy groups, whether compensated or not. Raj Chovatiya has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Acelyrin, Alumis, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Apogee Therapeutics, Arcutis Biotherapeutics Inc., Argenx, Astria Therapeutics Inc., Avalere Health, Beiersdorf, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Castle Biosciences, Celldex CLn Skin Care, Dermavant, Eli Lilly and Company, EMD Serono, Formation Bio, Galderma, Genentech, GSK, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Kenvue, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, Nektar Therapeutics, Novartis, Opsidio, Pfizer Inc., RAPT, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sitryx, Takeda, TRex Bio, UCB, and Zai Lab; Raj Cjovatiya is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy and was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for this manuscript or any subsequent editorial decisions. Elizabeth D. Bacci, Melissa L. Constantine, and Julia R. Correll are employees of Evidera. Evangeline Pierce, Beth Mitchell, and Dipak R. Patel are employees and stockholders of Eli Lilly and Company. Brindley Brooks declared no competing interests. Candrice Heath has received consulting fees from Proctor and Gamble, Johnson and Johnson, Tower28, L’Oreal, WebMD, Kenvue, Arcutis, Lilly, Apogee, Nutrafol, Dermavant, and Unilever. Her university has received research grant funds from Robert A. Winn Excellence in Clinical Trials Award and Skin of Color Society. The affiliation of Candrice Heath has changed since this research was conducted and the manuscript was submitted to the journal. The author’s current affiliation is the Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA. Vivian Y Shi has received speaker honorarium from Novartis, Sanofi-Regeneron, AbbVie, consulting fees from Novartis, Eli Lilly, and consulting fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Alumis, Aristea Therapeutics, Dermavant, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Apogee, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Genentech, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Menlo Therapeutics, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi-Genzyme, UCB, and Ceraclere.

: The study was approved by the Advarra institutional review board (Pro00070530), conducted in accordance with the ethical principles in the Declaration of Helsinki, and consistent with Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices, as well as applicable laws and regulations, as appropriate. Participants provided authorization for the use and disclosure of their personal health information, including the collection and release of data on treatment and outcomes throughout the study period. Confidentiality of participant information was maintained throughout the study. All recruitment procedures complied with current Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations.