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Article History

Received: 4 December 2025

Accepted: 16 April 2026

First Online: 8 May 2026

Declarations

:

: L. Stein-Gold has served as a consultant, and/or has received payment for the development of educational presentations, and/or has received grants from Amgen, Arcutis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant Sciences, Inc., Eli Lilly, LEO Pharma, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, and UCB Biopharma. M. DeBruin-Weller has been a consultant, advisory board member, and/or speaker for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Aslan, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and Sanofi; fees were paid directly to the institution. D. Thaci has received research support from and served as a principal investigator for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galderma, Janssen-Cilag, Leo Pharma, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and UCB; has served as a consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Galderma, La Roche Posay, Leo Pharma, New Bridge Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Pfizer, Target RWE, and UCB; and has served as a speaker for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Janssen, Leo Pharma, Lilly, New Bridge Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Pfizer, La Roche Posay, Sandoz-Hexal, Sanofi, UCB, and Vichy Laboratories. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. L. Kircik has received grants and/or honoraria from: Abbvie, Acambis, Amgen Inc. Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Anaptys, Arcutis, Arena, Assos Pharma, Astella Pharma US Inc., Asubio, Dermavant, Dermira, Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Ferndale Labroratories Inc., Galderma, Genentech Inc., GalxoSmithKline PLC, Glenmark, Health Point LTD, Incyte, Innocutis, Innovail, Kyowakirin, Leo Pharma, L’Oreal, Nano Bio, Novartis AG, Nucryst Pharmaceuticals Corp, Onset, OrthoDermatologics, OrthoNeutrogena, Promius, PediaPharma, PharmaDerm, Pfizer, PuraCap, Quinnova, Regeneron, Sanofi, SkinMedica Inc., Steifel Laboratories Inc., Sun Pharma, Taro, Triax, and Valean Pharmaceuticals Intl. C. Yang, M.J. Rueda, and G. Gallo are employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company. A. Paller reported receiving grants from the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance to the institution during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Aegerion Pharma, Azitra, BioCryst, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Krystal, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Primus, Regeneron, Sanofi/Genzyme, Seanergy, TWI Biotechnology, and UCB Honoraria; grants from AbbVie, Applied Pharma Research, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Janssen, Krystal, Regeneron, and UCB to institution; and serving with financial compensation on the data safety monitoring boards of AbbVie, Abeona, Catawba, Galderma, and InMed outside the submitted work.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.