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Article History

Received: 3 February 2026

Accepted: 16 April 2026

First Online: 9 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Howard L. Sofen has served as a clinical investigator for AbbVie, Alumis, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant Sciences, Eli Lilly, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Oruka Therapeutics, Sun Pharma, UCB, and Vyne Therapeutics. Ranga Gogineni is an employee of Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. Tushar Nishandar is an employee of Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited. Jerry Bagel has received research funds for the Psoriasis Treatment Center from AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene Corporation, Corrona, Dermavant Sciences, Dermira, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Kadmon Corporation, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Lycera, Menlo Therapeutics, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sun Pharma, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries, and UCB; is or has been a consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene Corporation, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Sun Pharma, and UCB; and is or has been a speaker for AbbVie, Celgene Corporation, Eli Lilly, Janssen, and Novartis.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients provided written informed consent prior to the start of the study. The study protocol was approved by the independent ethics committee or institutional review board for each study site, as follows: Advarra IRB, SSU00080233, SSU00080197, SSU00084622, SSU00086947, SSU00084651, SSU00089424, SSU00087208, SSU00089759, SSU00089600, SSU00089741, SSU00094701, SSU00091780, SSU00092189, SSU00097078, SSU00097587, SSU00108132, SSU00099234, SSU00105498, SSU00105150, SSU00101234, and SSU00103922; Belberry Human Research Ethics Committee, 2019-06-529-A-3, 2019-06-529-A-5, and 2019-06-529-A-8.