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Article History

Received: 26 February 2026

Accepted: 20 April 2026

First Online: 5 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Gil Yosipovitch is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Gil Yosipovitch was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. He has received honoraria as a consultant and/or advisory board member for AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Celldex, Eli Lilly, Escient Pharmaceuticals, Galderma, GSK, Kamari Pharma, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, LEO Pharma, Maruho, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi, Trevi Therapeutics, and CSL Vifor; has received research funding from Celldex, Eli Lilly, Escient Health, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Sanofi; and was involved in the patent application for topical acetaminophen. Dhaval Patil, Jonathan Rodrigues, Merin Kuruvilla, and Tara Raftery are full-time employees of Novartis and may own stock or stock options. Irina Pivneva, Jason Doran, Arthur Voegel, and James Signorovitch are full-time employees of Analysis Group, Inc., a consulting company that has provided paid consulting services to Novartis Pharma AG. Marc A. Riedl has received research and/or consulting support from Astria Therapeutics, Biocryst, Biomarin, Celldex, CSL Behring, Cycle Pharmaceuticals, Grifols, Intellia Therapeutics, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Kalvista Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Pfizer, Pharming, Pharvaris, Sanofi-Regeneron, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals.

: As this was a noninterventional study that used a de-identified administrative claims database, ethical approval and consent to participate were not applicable.