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Article History

Received: 3 March 2026

Accepted: 21 April 2026

First Online: 13 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Sonja Ständer has served as a consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Beiersdorf, Clexio, Escient, Galderma, Grünenthal, Incyte, Integrity CE, Kiniksa, Klinge Pharma, Lilly, P.G. Unna Academy, Pfizer, Sanofi, Touch IME, Vifor, WebMD; an advisory board member for AbbVie, Almirall, Galderma, Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, Vifor; a speaker for AbbVie, BMS, FomF, Galderma, LEO Pharma, L'Oréal, MEDahead, Moroscience, Novartis, P.G. Unna Academy, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB, Vifor; received research grants from Almirall, Beiersdorf, Galderma, and Sanofi and is an editorial board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Sonja Ständer was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Gil Yosipovitch has served as an advisory board member for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Arcutis, Celldex, Eli Lilly, Escient Health, Galderma, GSK, LEO Pharma, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sanofi, and Vifor; received grants/research funding from Eli Lilly, Escient, Galderma, Kiniksa, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Celldex, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Sanofi; served as an investigator for Galderma, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Sanofi and is an editorial board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Gil Yosipovitch was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Shawn G. Kwatra has served as an advisory board member/consultant for AbbVie, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, ASLAN Pharmaceuticals, Celldex Therapeutics, Galderma, Genzada Pharmaceuticals, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Sanofi; and an investigator for Galderma, Incyte, Pfizer, and Sanofi. P. Mendes-Bastos has served as a principal investigator for AbbVie, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and a speaker/consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Alumis, Apogee, CS Labs, Eli Lilly, Evelo Biosciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sanofi, Takeda, and Viatris. Tsen-Fang Tsai has received consultant honoraria from AbbVie; investigator fees (paid to institution) from AbbVie, AnaptysBio, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Pfizer, PharmaEssentia, and Sanofi; advisory board member honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, and Pfizer; and speaker honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim; and has served as chair of the Taiwanese Association for Psoriasis and Skin Immunology and as an editorial board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Tsen-Fang Tsai was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Saeko Nakajima has received research funding from Maruho and Toyota; has served as a consultant for Torii Pharmaceutical; and has been a speaker for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Maruho, Meiji Seika Pharma, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Torii Pharmaceutical. Amy H. Praestgaard and Simmi Wiggins are employees at Sanofi and may hold stock and/or stock options in the company. Joseph Zahn is an employee and shareholder of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.

: These studies were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guideline, and applicable regulatory requirements. The local institutional review board/ethics committee at each study center oversaw trial conduct and documentation. Patients provided written informed consent before participating in the trial. Consent for publication was obtained from all patients.