Document is current

Article History

Received: 13 February 2026

Accepted: 24 April 2026

First Online: 17 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Nina Magnolo has served as advisor and/or paid speaker for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Celltrion, Dr. Wolff, Eli Lilly, Janssen, La Roche-Posay, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB. Jennifer Soung has served as a research investigator, scientific adviser, and/or speaker for AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Castle Biosciences, Celgene, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, KoBioLabs, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, National Psoriasis Foundation (nonprofit), Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Regeneron/Sanofi, and UCB. John Frew has conducted advisory work for AbbVie, Actor Pharma, Agilex, Amgen, Apogee, Avalo Therapeutics, Azora, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chemocentryx, CSL Behring, Deepcure, Elasmogen, Elgia, Eli Lilly, Fortrea, Frazier, Galderma, Gilde Healthcare, InflaRx, Johnson and Johnson, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, Medici, Mirador Therapeutics, Moonlake, Nested Therapeutics, Novartis, Regeneron, RxMx, Sanofi, Sonoma Bio, Takeda, UCB, Wiley, Zura Bio; has conducted clinical trials for: AbbVie, Amgen, Avalo Therapeutics, Azora, Boeringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myer Squibb, Chemocentryx, CSL Behring, Eli Lilly, Galderma, InflaRx, Johnson and Johnson, LEO, Moonlake, Novartis, Regeneron, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB; and has received research support from Almirall, Apogee, Avalo Therapeutics, Elasmogen, La Roche Posay, LEO Pharma, Ortho Dermatologics, Sun Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, UCB. Antonio Costanzo reported receiving grants from AbbVie during the conduct of the study; grants from Galderma and Novartis; and personal fees from Eli Lilly, Janssen, Sanofi, and UCB outside the submitted work. Hiram Ruiz-Santiago has participated in AbbVie-funded studies. He has received honoraria as a speaker and/or advisory board member from AbbVie, Janssen, Elly Lilly, and Bristol Myers Squibb. Killian Eyerich has received honoraria as a speaker and/or advisory board member from AbbVie, Almirall, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi, and UCB. Mar Llamas-Velasco has been an advisory board member, consultant, research support, participated in clinical trials, and/or received honoraria for speaking with the following pharmaceutical companies: AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer, Celgene, Janssen, Leo, Lilly, Kyowa Kirin, Novartis, and UCB. Michael Bukhalo is an investigator on an AbbVie-funded study. Raja K. Sivamani serves as an investigator for AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Codex Labs, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Merck, Moonlake, Novartis, and UCB. He serves as a consultant or speaker for AbbVie, Arbonne, Arcutis, Burt’s Bees, Bristol Myers Squibb, Codex Labs, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Incyte, Leo, Novartis, Nutrafol, Pfizer, Phothera, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Sun, Trace Minerals, and UCB. Angela Moore has received honoraria or research funds from AbbVie, Aclaris, Acrotech, Arcutis, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Genentech Roche, Incyte, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Rapt, Regeneron, Roche, and Sanofi.Tianshuang Wu, Jiaheng Xie, Manish Patel, Doug Ashley, Blair Kaplan, Vassilis Stakias, and Ramon Espaillat are employees of AbbVie and may hold stock options. Richard B. Warren has received grants from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. He has received personal fees from AbbVie, AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Arena, Astellas, Avillion, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, DiCE, Galderma, GSK, Immunocore, Janssen, Lilly, Leo, Meiji Pharma, Nektar Therapeutics, Novartis, Pfizer, RAPT Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, Takeda, UCB & UNION. Richard B. Warren is an Editor-in-Chief of Dermatology and Therapy . Richard B. Warren was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.