Document is current

Article History

Received: 17 March 2026

Accepted: 22 April 2026

First Online: 29 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Cataldo Patruno has acted as speaker, consultant and/or advisory board member AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Galderma, Leo Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre and Sanofi. Michela Ortoncelli has served as a consultant or advisory board member for AbbVie, Leo Pharma, and Sanofi Genzyme. Silvia Mariel Ferrucci has conflict of interest with Amgen, Sanofi, Novartis, Lilly, Leo Pharma, Abbvie, Novartis, Menarini. Alessandra Narcisi has served on advisory boards, received honoraria for lectures and research grants from Almirall, AbbVie, Leo Pharma, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Amgen, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Elena Pezzolo has been a consultant and speaker for Sanofi Genzyme, AbbVie, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Janssen, Almirall, Pfizer, Galderma, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Giampiero Girolomoni has received personal fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Galderma, Eli Lilly, Leo Pharma, Merck Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Samsung bioepis and Sanofi. Mario Bruno Guanti has served as an advisory board member and/or consultant and received fees and honoraria or participated in clinical studies for AbbVie, Leo Pharma, Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, Cantabria, and Eli Lilly. Mariateresa Rossi served as a Speaker/Consultant for Sanofi, AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Almirall, Galderma, Pfizer, Leo Pharma, L’Oréal. Andrea Carugno has been a consultant, speaker, or participant in advisory boards for AbbVie, Almirall, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Sanofi and UCB Pharma. Francesca Satolli has served as speaker/consultant for Abbvie, Almirall, Janssen, Leopharma, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. Anna Balato has received honoraria for participation in advisory boards or as a speaker for several pharmaceutical companies, including AbbVie, Amgen, Almirall, BI, BMS, Eli-Lilly, Johnson&Johnson, Incyte, Leo-Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme, and UCB Pharma. Giacomo Dal Bello has served as an advisory board member and/or consultant and received fees from AbbVie, Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, Almirall. Giovanni Paolino received speakers’ honoraria from AbbVie, Janssen, UCB, and Pierre Fabre Pharma. Maria Esposito has served as speaker/consultant for Abbvie, Amgen, Almirall, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Leopharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB. Anna Campanati has acted as speaker, consultant and/or advisory board member for Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Incyte, Pfizer, Janssen-Cilag, UCB, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galderma and Sanofi Genzyme. Anna Campanati is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Anna Campanati was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Luigi Gargiulo has been a consultant and/or speaker and has participated in advisory boards for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, BMS, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Galderma, Pierre Fabre, Johnson and Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB Pharma. Matteo Bianco has been a speaker for BMS. Ruggero Cascio Ingurgio has been consultant for UCB. Maddalena Napolitano has acted as speaker, consultant and/or advisory board member for Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Incyte and Sanofi. Luca Potestio, Piergiorgio Malagoli, Massimo Gola, Francesco Loconsole, Flavia Manzo Margiotta, Anna Balato, Eustachio Nettis, Anna Graziella Burroni, Franco Rongioletti, Paola Savoia, Federica Veronese, Agostina Legori, Francesca Barei, Martina Zussino, Francesca Gaiani, Martina Maurelli, Nicola Zerbinati, Santo Raffaele Mercuri, Simone Ribero, Francesca di Vico, have no conflicts of interest to declare.

: This work is a retrospective analysis conducted exclusively on fully anonymized clinical data, with no possibility of identifying individual patients and without any intervention or modification of clinical practice. According to Italian national regulations, including the provisions of the Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante per la Protezione dei Dati Personali), in particular General Authorisation No. 9/2016 and its subsequent alignment with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (EU Regulation 2016/679, GDPR), anonymized data are not considered personal data, and their use for research purposes does not require ethical committee approval. This regulatory interpretation is consistent with major international ethical frameworks, including the Declaration of Helsinki (2013, Article 32) and ICH-GCP E6(R2), which specify that ethical review is not required when research is conducted on pre-existing, fully anonymized data.