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Article History

Received: 20 March 2026

Accepted: 23 April 2026

First Online: 23 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Angelo V Marzano reports consultancy/advisory boards’ disease-relevant honoraria from AbbVie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, L′Oréal, LEO Pharma, Novartis Pharma, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB Pharma. Falk G Bechara received honoraria for participation in advisory boards in clinical trials and/or as a speaker from AbbVie Inc., AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Acelyrin, Beiersdorf, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Celltrion, Dr. Wolff, Incyte Corporation, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Mölnlycke, MoonLake Immunotherapeutics, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Sanofi, Sitala and UCB Pharma. Vivian Y Shi is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy. Vivian Y Shi was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Vivian Y Shi is on the board of directors for the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation (HSF), an advisor for the National Eczema Association, is a stock shareholder of Learn Health and has served as an advisory board member, investigator, speaker and/or received research funding from Sanofi Genzyme, Regeneron, AbbVie, Genentech, Eli Lilly, Novartis, SUN Pharma, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Incyte, Dermavant, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Almirall, Alumis, Aristea Therapeutics, Menlo Therapeutics, Dermira, Burt’s Bees, Galderma, Kiniksa, UCB, Ceraclere, Bain Capital, Target-PharmaSolutions, Castle Bioscience, Altus Lab/cQuell, MYOR, Polyfins Technology, GpSkin and Skin Actives Scientific. Antonio Martorell is a member of the European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation and has acted as a consultant, advisory board member and investigator for and has received honoraria from, Incyte, Novartis, AbbVie, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, UCB Pharma, Lilly, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, Sanofi, Sandoz, Galderma Legit Health and Amgen. Jennifer L Hsiao is an Editor-in-Chief of Dermatology and Therapy. Jennifer L Hsiao was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Jennifer L Hsiao is on the board of directors for the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation and has served as an advisor, investigator and/or speaker for AbbVie, Aclaris, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galderma, Incyte, Novartis, Sanofi Regeneron and UCB Pharma. Hessel H Van der Zee has received honoraria as speaker or as member of an advisory board for UCB Pharma, Novartis, AbbVie, Incyte, Sanofi, InflaRX and Insmed. Axel P Villani reports consulting fees from Janssen-Cilag; payment or honoraria from AbbVie, Almirall, BMS, Janssen-Cilag, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis and UCB Pharma; and support for attending meetings or travel from Janssen-Cilag and UCB Pharma. Afsaneh Alavi serves as the board member of the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation, received grants from the NIH, HSF, La Roche-Posay, serves as the chair of Independent Data Monitoring: InflaRX, Almirall, Zura Bio and a consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Avalo, BI, Cantargia, InflaRx, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Sanofi, Navigator, Novartis and UCB Pharma and as an investigator for BI and Processa. John R Ingram is a consultant and/or advisory board member for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cantargia, ChemoCentryx, Citryll, Elasmogen, Engitix, Incyte, Indero, Insmed, Kymera Therapeutics, MoonLake Immunotherapeutics, Novartis, UCB Pharma, UNION Therapeutics and Viela Bio; received stipend as immediate past-Editor-in-Chief of the British Journal of Dermatology and an author honorarium from UpToDate and is a co-copyright holder of HiSQOL and Investigator and Patient Global Assessment instruments for HS. His department receives income from copyright of the Dermatology Life Quality Instrument (DLQI) and related instruments. Christopher J Sayed is a speaker for AbbVie, UCB Pharma and Novartis; has consulted for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Novartis, InflaRx, UCB, Incyte, Sanofi, Navigator Medicines, Sonoma Biotherapeutics and Alumis; is an investigator for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Novartis, InflaRx, UCB, Incyte and ChemoCentryx; has received grant funding from AbbVie; and is on the board of the HS Foundation, an unpaid position. Thrasyvoulos Tzellos reports consultancy/advisory boards/speaker fees from AbbVie, Novartis, Boehringer-Ingelheim, MSD and UCB Pharma. He is the treasurer of the EHSF e.V. Nisha Suyien Chandran has received fees for participation in advisory boards from fees from AbbVie, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi, Pfizer, Novartis, L’Oréal and DKSH for participation in advisory boards; investigator fees for clinical trials from AbbVie, Novartis, Amgen, Sanofi and Boehringer-Ingelheim; and speaker honoraria from Galderma, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lion Corporation, Sanofi and Pfizer. Qiang Ju None to declare. Ichiro Kurokawa is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy. Ichiro Kurokawa was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. John W Frew has conducted advisory work for Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, Regeneron, ChemoCentryx, AbbVie, Azora, Novartis and UCB; has participated in trials for Pfizer, UCB, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, CSL and Azora; and has received research support from Ortho Dermatologics, Sun Pharma, LEO Pharma, UCB and La Roche-Posay. Wayne PF Gulliver has received grants/research support from AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Novartis and Pfizer; honoraria for Ad Boards/Invited Talks/Consultation from AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Arylide, Bausch Health, Boehringer, Celgene, Cipher, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Merck, Novartis, PeerVoice, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Tribute, UCB, Sun Pharma and Valeant; study fees for clinical trials (study fees) from AbbVie, Asana Biosciences, Astellas, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Corrona/National Psoriasis Foundation, Devonian, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Galderma, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sun Pharma and UCB Pharma. Maria Cecília Rivitti-Machado reports consultancy/speaker/ad board fees from AbbVie, Aché, Novartis, Janssen, Sanofi, Pfizer and UCB; support to attend meetings from AbbVie, Pfizer and Sanofi and investigator fees for clinical trials from AbbVie. Ximena Wortsman Speaker for Novartis and UCB and as a consultant for Galderma and received royalties from Springer. Barry M McGrath has received honoraria for consulting from Almirall, Incyte and MoonLake Immunotherapeutics and honoraria for consulting and participating in steering committees/advisory boards, speaking engagements and educational events from Novartis and UCB Pharma, as well as support for attending meetings from Novartis and UCB Pharma. Giuseppina Pintori None to declare. Valeria Jordan, Nicolas Thomas and Ivette Alarcon are employees and stockholder of Novartis. Christos C Zouboulis reports consultancy/advisory board/lecture fee disease-relevant honoraria from Almirall, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, CLS Behring, Eli Lilly, Idorsia, Incyte, LEO Pharma, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi, ShiRhom, Takeda, UCB Pharma and Zura Bio. He is the president of the EHSF e.V., coordinator of the ALLOCATE Skin group of the ERN Skin and chair of the ARHS Task Force group of the EADV. He is the editor of the EADV News and the copyright co-holder of IHS4 on behalf of the EHSF e.V. His previous employer has received disease-relevant clinical study fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, BMS, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, EADV, European Union, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, GSK, Incyte, InflaRx, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi and UCB Pharma for his participation as a clinical investigator.

: This study did not require any patient information; hence no ethical review or approval was required. All the involved dermatologists who were part of the consensus gave their approval for the study to be published and were involved in the writing and/or revision of the manuscript.