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Article History

Received: 25 February 2026

Accepted: 29 April 2026

First Online: 27 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Tsen-Fang Tsai has conducted clinical trials or received honoraria for serving as a consultant or speaking fees from Pfizer Limited, Serono International SA (now Merck Serono International SA), UniPharma/Biogen Idec, Galderma, Celgene, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Taiwan, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen-Cilag Pharmaceutica, and AbbVie. Tsen-Fang Tsai is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Tsen-Fang Tsai was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Che-Chia Hsu has nothing to declare. Yu‑Huei Huang has conducted clinical trials while serving as a principal investigator for Galderma, Eli Lilly, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, and Janssen-Cilag Pharmaceutica, has received honoraria for serving as an advisory board member for Pfizer Limited, AbbVie, and Celgene and has received speaking fees from AbbVie, Eli Lilly, and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the local Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Taipei branches (202000677B0); National Taiwan University Hospital (201605118RINB, 201904124RINC).