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Article History

Received: 6 March 2026

Accepted: 14 May 2026

First Online: 19 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Emma Guttman-Yassky is a consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Asana BioSciences, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cara Therapeutics, Celgene, Concert Pharmaceuticals, DBV Technologies, Dermira, DS Biopharma, Eli Lilly and Company, EMD Serono, Escalier Biosciences, Galderma, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Pfizer, RAPT Therapeutics, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sienna Biopharmaceuticals, and UNION Therapeutics; and reports institute grants for research from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Asana BioSciences, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Dermavant, DS Biopharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Galderma, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Innovaderm Research, Janssen, Kiniska Pharmaceuticals, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, Novan, Pfizer, Ralexar Therapeutics, Regeneron, Sienna Biopharmaceuticals, UCB Pharma, and UNION Therapeutics; Alan David Irvine is a consultant and/or advisory board member and/or is on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for AbbVie, Arena Pharmaceuticals, BenevolentAI, Eli Lilly and Company, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Union Pharma; has received research grants from AbbVie and Pfizer; is on the board of directors of the International Eczema Council; provides research support to Regeneron; and is on the speaker’s bureau for AbbVie, Eli Lilly and Company, Regeneron, and Sanofi Genzyme; Melinda Gooderham has been an investigator, speaker, consultant, or advisory board member for AbbVie, Akros Pharma, Amgen, Arcutis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Dermavant, Dermira, Eli Lilly and Company, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte Corporation, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, MedImmune, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, UCB Pharma, and Valeant Pharmaceuticals/Bausch Health; Stephan Weidinger is a speaker, advisory board member, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Almirall, Eli is a speaker, advisory board member, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Astria, Boehringer, Eli Lilly and Company, Galderma, GSK, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi; and has received research grants from LEO Pharma, Pfizer, and Sanofi; Lynda Spelman has been a consultant, paid investigator, advisory board and/or speaker for AbbVie, Amgen, Anacor, Ascend, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BlazeBioscience, Boehringer Ingelheim, Botanix, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celldex Therapeutics, ConnectBiopharma, Celgene, Genesis Care, Dermira, Eli Lilly, Enkang Pharmaceuticals, Equillium Inc., Evelo Biosciences, Feldan Therapeutics, Forte Biosciences Genesis Care, Galderma, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Hexima, Incyte Corporation, InflaRx GmbH, Insmed Incorporated, Invion Limited, Janssen, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Kobio Labs, LG Chem, Lipidio Pharma, LEO Pharma, Mayne, Medimmune, Merck, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Nektar Therapeutics, Olix Pharmaceuticals, Otsuka, Pfizer, Phosphagenics, Photon MD, Principia, Regeneron, Ribon, Samumed, Sanofi Genzyme, SHR, Sun Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, UCB, Vyne Theraputics, and Zai Lab Co. Ltd.; Jonathan Ian Silverberg has received grants and/or personal fees from AbbVie, AFYX Therapeutics, Almirall, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Asana BioSciences, Bluefin Biomedicine, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Dermavant, Dermira, Eli Lilly and Company, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte Corporation, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, LEO Pharma, Luna Pharma, Menlo Therapeutics, Novartis, Pfizer, RAPT Therapeutics, Regeneron, and Sanofi; Heidi Crane, Hany Elmaraghy, Louise DeLuca-Carter, Maria Lucia Buziqui Piruzeli, Georgia Martimianaki, and Evangeline Pierce are employees and stockholders of Eli Lilly and Company; Helena Agell is an employee of Almirall; Diamant Thaçi has received personal fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Company, Fresenius, Johnson & Johnson, L’Oreal, LEO Pharma, New Bridge, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, RWE-Target, Sandoz, Sanofi, Takeda, and UCB Pharma; and has received grants from AbbVie, LEO Pharma, and Novartis.

: The ADvocate1, ADvocate2, ADhere, ADjoin, ADore, and ADopt-VA clinical trials were undertaken in accordance with ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. All investigation sites received approval from the appropriate authorized institutional review board or ethics committee. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before study procedures were initiated. For participants considered to be minors, written consent of the parent or legal guardian, as well as the assent of the minor, was obtained.