Document is current

Article History

Received: 20 April 2026

Accepted: 4 June 2026

First Online: 21 July 2026

Declarations

Conflict of Interest: Jennifer Beecker is a speaker, an investigator or an advisory board member for AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis, Bausch Health/Valeant, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Evelo, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, Leo Pharma, L’Oreal, Novartis, Sun Pharmaceuticals, and UCB. Lorne Albrecht is a speaker or consultant or advisor or investigator or received honoraria/grants from AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis, Bausch Health, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB. Ignacio Dei-Cas is an advisor for AbbVie and Janssen; speaker for Novartis, AbbVie and Janssen; and received grants from Janssen. Melinda Gooderham is a speaker, an investigator or an advisory board member for AbbVie, Amgen, Akros, Arcutis, Arena, Aslan, AnaptysBio, Aristea, Bausch, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Coherus, Dermira, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GSK, Incyte, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, MedImmune, Merck, Meiji, Moonlake, Nimbus, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Reistone, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharmaceuticals, Takeda, Tarsus, UCB, Union, and Ventyx. Charles Lynde is a speaker or consultant or advisor or investigator or received honoraria from AbbVie, Altius, Amgen, Aralez, Arcutis, Bausch Health, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Cipher, Dermavant, Devonian, Eli Lilly, Fresenius Kabi, Galderma, GSK, Innovaderm, Intega Skin, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, La Roche Posay, LEO Pharma, L’Oreal, Medexus, MedX, Merck, Novartis, P&G, Pediapharm, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Sandoz, Sentrex, TEVA, Tribute, UCB, Valeant, Viatris, Volo Health. Kim A. Papp is a consultant for AbbVie, Akros, Amgen, Arcutis, Avillion, Bausch Health/Valeant, Boehringer Ingelheim, Can-Fite Biopharma, Coherus, Dermavant, Dow Pharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Evelo, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Leo Pharma A/S, Merck (MSD), Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, Takeda, and UCB; received research grants from Anacor, GSK, Moberg Pharma, and Sun Pharmaceuticals; is a scientific officer for Akros, Anacor, Arcutis, Dice Pharmaceuticals. Paul Keown is the director of Syreon Corporation contracted by Novartis for the conduct and analysis of the PURE registry. Antonio Vieira, Mahmoud S. Farag, Marie Maguin, Tanya Zappitelli are employees at Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. Philip S. Helliwell has received speaker fees from Novartis.

Ethical Approval: All patients provided informed consent to participate in the study. The study design was reviewed and approved by the ethics committees or institutional review boards, and the study was conducted in accordance with the principle of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964, and its later amendments. The study and all relevant documents have been approved by the Research Review Board (RRB, 19-13085 Yonge Street, Suite 203, Richmond Hill, ON L4E 0K2) and/or Advarra (6100 Merriweather Dr., Suite 600, Columbia, MD 21044, USA). Initial study level approval (RRB) was received on December 07, 2015, and Advarra approval was received on November 10, 2023. A complete list of the institutional review boards and ethics committees that approved the study protocol is provided in the electronic supplementary material (Table  ).