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Article History

Received: 4 June 2026

Accepted: 25 June 2026

First Online: 9 July 2026

Declarations

:

: Katrina H. Lee has served as an investigator or advisory board member for Novartis, Incyte. Vivian Y. Shi is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Vivian Y. Shi was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Vivian Y. Shi is on the board of directors for the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation (HSF), an advisor for the National Eczema Association, is a stock shareholder of Learn Health and has served as an advisory board member, investigator, speaker, and/or received research funding from Sanofi Genzyme, Regeneron, AbbVie, Genentech, Eli Lilly, Novartis, SUN Pharma, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Incyte, Dermavant, Apogee, MoonLake, Navigator Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim, Almirall, Alumis, Aristea Therapeutics, Menlo Therapeutics, Dermira, Burt’s Bees, Oruka, Takeda, Galderma, Kiniksa, UCB, Ceraclere, Bain Capital, Target-PharmaSolutions, Castle Bioscience, Altus Lab/cQuell, MYOR, Polyfins Technology, GpSkin, and Skin Actives Scientific. Jennifer L. Hsiao is an Editor-in-Chief of Dermatology and Therapy . Jennifer L. Hsiao was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Jennifer L. Hsiao is on the board of directors for the HS Foundation, and has served as an advisor, investigator, and/or speaker for AbbVie, Amgen, Aclaris, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galderma, Incyte, Insmed, Moonlake, Navigator Medicines, Novartis, Oruka Therapeutics, Pfizer, Sanofi, Regeneron, and UCB. The other authors, Kenan Kherallah and Claire S. Chung, have no other conflicts to disclose.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.