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Article History

Received: 24 April 2026

Accepted: 7 July 2026

First Online: 25 July 2026

Declarations

Conflict of Interest: Paola Facheris has served as a consultant for Eli Lilly and as a speaker for UCB, Abbvie, and Pfizer. Luigi Gargiulo has been a consultant and/or speaker and has participated in advisory boards for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, BMS, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Galderma, Pierre Fabre, Johnson and Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB Pharma. Luciano Ibba served as consultants for Almirall. Mario Valenti has served as consultant/speaker for Novartis, Almirall, Eli-Lilly, Abbvie, Johnson&Johnson, UCB, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Difa Cooper, Sun-Pharma, Leo Pharma, and Bristol Myers Squibb. Mario Valenti is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Mario Valenti was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Francesco D’Oria, Giulio Foggi, Costanza Falcidia and Carlo A. Vignoli have no conflict of interest to disclose. Alessandra Narcisi has served on advisory boards, received honoraria for lectures and research grants from Almirall, Abbvie, Leo Pharma, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Amgen and Boehringer Ingelheim. Antonio Costanzo has served as an advisory board member, consultant and has received fees and speaker’s honoraria or has participated in clinical trials for Abbvie, Almirall, Biogen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme and UCB.

Ethical Approval: This was a non-interventional observational study. According to local regulations, formal ethics committee approval and written informed consent were not required. The study was notified to the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA, Study ID 2805, study code JAKiSafe), and the competent Ethics Committee acknowledged the study. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable national regulations.