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Article History

Received: 21 May 2026

Accepted: 28 July 2026

First Online: 10 August 2026

Declarations

Conflict of Interest: Anthony Bewley has consulted/received travel bursaries or lecturing fees from Abbvie, Almirall, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, Leo Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB, served on advisory boards for UK patient advocacy organizations, is a board member of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), participated in British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) guidelines committees, and is Treasurer of European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP). Andreas Pinter has received honoraria as investigator and/or has received speakers’ honoraria and/or has received grants and/or has been an advisor for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, GSK, Galderma, Hexal, Janssen, LEO-Pharma, MC2, Medac, Merck Serono, Mitsubishi, MSD, Novartis, Pascoe, Pfizer, Tigercat Pharma, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Genzyme, Schering-Plough, UCB Pharma and Zuellig Pharma. José Luis López Estebaranz has received honoraria as a speaker/member of the Advisory Board from Abbvie, Almirall, Bioderma, Celgene, Galderma, Isdin, Janssen Cilag, Leo Pharma, Lilly, Novartis and Viatris and speaker honoraria from InfectoPharma, Mylan and StreamedUp. Jordi Galván, Víctor Sapena and Volker Koscielny are employees of Almirall S.A.

Ethical Approval: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Harmonized Tripartite Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. In Germany, the first ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (reference #2023-1145). In the United Kingdom, Health Research Authority (HRA) and Health and Care Research Wales (HCRW) approvals were obtained. Integrated Research Application System (IRAS) project ID 326834, Research Ethics Committee (REC) reference #23/LO/0474. In Spain, the first ethics approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CEIC) of Aragón, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Biomedical Research Center of Aragón (CIBA), Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 1st floor, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain (reference #EPA23–018). Additional regional ethics approvals were obtained in Germany and Spain, as needed (Table  ). All patients provided written informed consent for participation prior to study enrolment and the use of their de-identified, anonymized, aggregated data and their case details (including photographs) for publication.