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Authors
Cheng, Cheng-I
Chou, Ming-Huei
Chen, Kuang-Den
Chen, Po-Han
Kao, Ying-Hsien https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7803-9384
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CMRPG8B0751)
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CMRPG8H1191)
E-Da Hospital (EDAHT109033)
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Article History
Received: 20 April 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (IRB approval no. 101-4504A3).
: Formal informed consent was obtained from all the patients who participated in this study.
