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Authors
Pizzini, Orion L. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9523-0483
Mokkapati, Jaya Sravanthi
Lee, Michelle J.
Boyle, Natalie K.
Grozinger, Christina M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Apes Valentes Research Award
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (154185)
College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University
Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2024
Revised: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval is not required. The work involved used an unregulated and very common insect solitary bee species belonging to the Megachile genus.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
