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Article History

First Online: 17 October 2018

Compliance with Ethical Standards

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: This work in original and all authors meet the criteria for authorship, including acceptance of responsibility for the scientific content of the manuscript. This paper is not under consideration in any other Journal and all the authors have read and approved the content of the manuscript.No potential conflict of interest exists with any companies or organizations whose products or services may be discussed in this article. This paper has not been funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Wellcome Trust or their agencies.Mario Castro receives University Grant monies from NIH, American Lung Association. He currently receives pharmaceutical grant monies from: AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Novartis, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Sanofi-Aventis. He has received speaker/advisor fees from AstraZeneca, Aviragen, Boston Scientific, Genentech, Mallinckrodt, Nuvaira, 4D Pharma, Teva and Vectura. Royalties have been received from Elsievier.George Cheng and José Cárdenas-García declare no conflict of interest.

: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.