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Authors
Dicken, Samuel J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-1715
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (BRC530a)
Rosetrees Trust (PhD2024\100021)
Medical Research Council (MR/N013867/1)
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2025
Accepted: 24 May 2026
First Online: 6 June 2026
Declarations
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: SD declares no conflicts of interest with the food industry. SD receives royalties from Amazon for a self-published book that mentions UPF, payments from Red Pen Reviews as a contributor, consultancy work for Consensus, Mindhouse, Morgan & Morgan and Androlabs, and travel fees from a USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant, (AFRI project 1033399) for a workshop on food processing classifications.
