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Authors
Zhang, Yu
Song, Tingqiang
Wei, Lili
Wang, Jingyuan
Pan, Yueshuai
Wei, Guozheng
Guo, Yuyao
Song, Haoran
Cao, Wenjuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Key R&D Program Project (2019GGX101047)
Chinese Nursing Association Research Program (ZHKY202118)
Shandong Nursing Association Research Program (SDHLKT202209)
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Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Revised: 6 August 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.
