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Authors
Situmorang, Yani Kartini
Pulungan, Ahmad Nasir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-6546
Eddiyanto, Eddiyanto
Sihombing, Junifa Layla
Sitorus, Marham
Herlinawati, Herlinawati
Wardana, Dian
Salomo, Saud
Rahayu, Rahayu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) Universitas Negeri Medan (00299/UN33/KPT/2024)
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 22 March 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors state that they have no known financial conflicts of interest or personal relationships that could have influenced the research presented in this paper.
