Crossmark

A vision-language model–based approach for lung cancer diagnosis using lossless 3D CT images: evaluation of GPT-4.1 and GPT-4o for patient-level malignancy assessment

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13755-025-00417-8

Published Online: 2025-12-21

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Shi, Ning

Liu, Zhenpeng

Wan, Zhenzhen https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1295-0332
Yang, Guojie

Shi, Yasong

Wang, Peilin

Liu, Xiuling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-1017
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (62450100)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A20224)

Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (F2022201037)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-21

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-21
More Information

Article History

Received: 31 July 2025

Accepted: 11 December 2025

First Online: 21 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no pertinent financial or non-financial conflicts of interest to declare.

Document is current

Any future updates will be listed below