Wang, Yueying
Jiang, Shan
Wang, Chuyue
Wan, Zeyu
Fan, Yusi
Li, Kewei
Huang, Lan
Zhou, Fengfeng
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82574200)
the Scientific and Technological Research Project of the Department of Education of Jilin Province (Grant No. JJKH20250121BS)
Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects (ZK2023-297)
the Science and Technology Foundation of Health Commission of Guizhou Province (gzwkj2023-565)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JLU)
Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 1 February 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: This study utilizes three publicly available real-world EMR datasets: PhysioNet 2012, eICU Collaborative Research Database and COVID-19. Three datasets are publicly collected and have no ethical certification.