Document is current

Article History

Received: 19 August 2025

Revised: 13 December 2025

Accepted: 17 December 2025

First Online: 11 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved interviews with adult experts. At the time of data collection (2012–2013), institutional ethics approval was not required in Iran for non-sensitive expert interviews that did not involve personal, medical, or vulnerable-population data. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants were fully informed about the purpose of the study and provided written informed consent prior to participation.

: All participants provided written informed consent before participation. The consent form was presented in Persian, explained verbally, and participants were allowed to ask questions before signing.

: The authors declare that there are no competing interests.

: All interview transcripts were anonymized by removing names, institutional affiliations, and any identifying metadata. Pseudonyms were used in data presentation. All digital files were securely stored on password-protected devices, with access restricted to the research team. Data will be retained for 15 years in accordance with institutional policies.