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Authors
Wang, J.
Zhang, T.
Wang, E.
Song, L.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52508099)
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (23YJCZH211)
Open Foundation of National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology (HSR202204)
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Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Revised: 26 November 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
