Tarmidzi, S. N. A. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2761-3039
Rahman, Z. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2804-610X
Masri, I. N.
Osman, N.
Idris, W. M. R.
Aznan, M. E.
Jasni, Z.
Ruzi, A. R.
Lihan, T.
Ettbeb, A. E.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (GGPP-2020-007)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2025/STG08/UKM/02/1)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Revised: 4 January 2026
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.