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Authors
Hanif, M. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1892-0879
Ibrahim, N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-7812
Azhari, A. W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-036X
Dahalan, F. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-7448
Hasan, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-5679
Lutpi, N. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-2393
Othman, N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-6750
Isa, M. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6254-5693
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (9001-00790)
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
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Article History
Received: 30 May 2025
Revised: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 22 February 2026
Declarations
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: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
