Chebbi, L.
Boughattas, I.
Helaoui, S.
Mkhinini, M.
Ghazouani, H.
Mannai, H.
Gaida, S.
Alphonse, V.
Livet, A.
Bousserrhine, N.
Article History
Received: 23 December 2025
Revised: 18 May 2026
Accepted: 6 June 2026
First Online: 17 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: This study was carried out in accordance with ethical research standards. No humans or animals were involved. All soil sampling and field activities were conducted with appropriate permissions and with care to minimize environmental impact. The authors confirm that the work is original, has not been published elsewhere, and is not under consideration by another journal. All authors approved the final manuscript and declare no conflicts of interest.