Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea Health Industry Development Institute (HI20C0386)
Ministry of SMEs and Startups (S3283968)
Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (22C0608L1)
Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center (04-2024-0010)
Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Boramae Medical Center (04-2025-0000)
Seoul National University
Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Revised: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 9 September 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Chris Jo owns shares of AcesoStem Biostrategies Inc. The other authors indicated no potential conflicts of interest.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center (IRB No.06–2012-78).