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Article History

Received: 25 May 2024

Accepted: 23 September 2024

First Online: 1 October 2024

Declarations

:

: The ethics’ committees in all participating centers reviewed the study protocol and approved the study (University of Rostock: A 2020-0079; LMU Munich: 20–0036; University of Mainz: 2020–15458; University of Tübingen: 036/2021BO1). All patients or their next of kind gave consent to participate in the study.

: All authors read and approved the final manuscript for submission.

: AB received honoraria for lectures and presentations from Eisai GmbH, Neuraxpharm GmbH and UCB Pharma GmbH, payments for expert testimony from Biogen GmbH, Eisai GmbH, GW Pharma GmbH, UCB Pharma GmbH as well as travel support for attending meetings by Desitin Arzneimittel GmbH. AP received grants and contracts for multiple sclerosis trials (1. RECOVER trial with grant support from University College San Francisco (UCSF); 2. RESTORE trial with grant support from a private Dutch foundation; 3. NIMODIPINE trial supported by Fight for Sight. He received royalties by Wolters Cluver, honoraria for lectures and presentations from Heidelberg Academy and is participant on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board of SC Zeiss OCTA Angi-Network, SC Novartis OCTiMS study and has board membership (Governing Board IMSVISUAL, Chairman ERN-EYE Neuro-ophthalmology, National Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Association). He received equipment from OCTA (Zeiss; Plex Elite) and support from Novartis for writing (manuscript doi:10.1002/acn3.51473). DCF received grants from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany (Project ID 13GW0197F). JE received travel support for attending study meetings by B. Braun Melsungen AG and has leadership as Second spokesperson of the Scientific Working Group on Neuroanesthesia of the German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. ML received grants or contracts from Sanofi Pasteur, AstraZeneca GmbH, Pfizer, Janssen and GIZ, furthermore payment or honoraria for lectures and presentations from Moderna, Abbvie and Seqirus and is Member Advisory Board (STIKO Ausschuss Reiseimpfungen Germany). PS Received grants or contracts from Emil von Behring and Wilhelm Roentgen foundation as well as honoraria for lectures and presentations from Agenix pharmaceuticals. RP was supported by the German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), the Hirnliga e.V. (Manfred-Strohscheer Stiftung) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, 1007 German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy within the framework of 1008 the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 2145 SyNergy – ID 390857198), the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative, the VERUM Foundation, the Robert-Vogel-Foundation, the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203321), the University of Cambridge – Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Strategic Partnership within the framework of the German Excellence Initiative and Excellence Strategy and the European Commission under the Innovative Health Initiative program (project 101132356). Furthermore, he received honoraria for lectures and presentations from Biogen, Roche, Grifols, Schwabe, Tabuk, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk as well as travel support for attending meetings by Biogen, Eli Lilly, Roche, Novo Nordisk, Tabuk. SS received grants or contracts from Bayer JOINT HEALTH Spendenprogramm as well as travel support for attending meetings by Bayer, Biotest, Sobi, Takeda, CSL Behring, Novo Nordisk. TS was supported by the Corona Research Program 2021/22; Bavarian State Ministry of Science and Arts and the Munich Clinician Scientist Program, LMU Munich. He received grants and contracts from Pipra AG and the Bavarian State Ministry of Health as well as Payment or honoraria for lectures and presentations by the Bundeswehr Medical Academy (Sanitätsakademie der Bundeswehr). All other authors have nothing to report.