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Authors
Li, Jianlong
Zhao, Yingxin
Yang, Yongrui
Ruan, Wenkai
Dang, Rongpan
Zhao, Wentao
An, Huigang
Xu, Liang
Tan, Hongdong
Guo, Xue
Wang, Dongmei
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University (Approval No.: GWLCZXEC-SOP-K-2025–137).
: This study is a retrospective study, so it did not require patient informed consent. This study is a retrospective analysis and does not contain any individual person’s data, images, videos, or other identifying information that could compromise patient anonymity.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable. This study is a retrospective observational cohort study and not a clinical trial.
