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Article History

Received: 4 December 2025

Accepted: 4 February 2026

First Online: 13 February 2026

Declarations

:

: E.P.: No conflict of interest. H.D.: No conflict of interest. T.S.: No conflict of interest. J.S.: received payment or support for attending congresses from PulmonX and Boehringer Ingelheim, serves on the scientific advisory board of LE-Registry. K.D.: received payment or honoraria for lectures and consulting, from bess, Lys Medical, Olympus, PulmonX, Boston Scientific, Boehringer Ingelheim, Broncus Medical, Erbe, Storz, Fujifilm, Intuitive, payments to the institution from Boston Scientific, Boehringer Ingelheim, Broncus Medical, Erbe, Lys Medical, Olympus, PulmonX, Storz, participates on the societies: DGP, and World Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pneumology. S.A.: received payment or honoraria for lectures and consulting, from Sanofi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, AstraZeneca, GSK, Chiesi, Merini, support for attending congresses from Boehringer Ingelheim, speaker of the Section “Tabakentwöhnung” at DGP and board member of the ABNR. S.E.: received payment or honoraria for lectures from PulmonX. B.S.: No conflict of interest. W.G.: received payment or honoraria for lectures from Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Sqibb, PulmonX, Springer Medicine N.D.: No conflict of interest. C.G.: No conflict of interest. J.F.: No conflict of interest. A.H.: No conflict of interest. B.S.: No conflict of interest. S.E.: serves on the scientific advisory board of LE-Registry. R.E.: received payment or honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, CSL Behring, Olympus, Pulmonx, Pentax, serves on the scientific advisory board of LE-Registry. C.G.: No conflict of interest. C.H.: No conflict of interest. U.S.: No conflict of interest. A.F.: No conflict of interest. S.K.: No conflict of interest. P.S.: No conflict of interest. D.S.: No conflict of interest. L.E.S.: No conflict of interest. M.W.: received grants from Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt (BMFTR; Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; German Research Foundation), Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss (G-BA; The Federal Joint Committee), Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG; Federal Ministry of Health), received payment or honoraria for lectures and consulting from Biotest, Pantherna, Aptarion, Biotest, Pantherna, Aptarion, Astra Zeneca, Chiesi, Insmed, Gilead, Pfizer, Boehringer Personal Fees R-H.H.: received study fee (Convert) from Pulmonx; received payment or honoraria for lectures from Berlin Chemie, Astra, Chiesi and Pulmonx; an received payment or support for attending congresses Medtronic.