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Article History

Received: 27 January 2026

Accepted: 11 April 2026

First Online: 1 June 2026

Declarations

Conflict of interest: RMR, XC and AM: employees of, and hold financial equities in, GSK. SH, RA and BB: employees of IQVIA, which was paid by GSK to conduct the study. MJF: employee of, and holds financial equities in, GSK; received support for attending meetings and/or travel from GSK as an employee. TP: contingent worker of GSK; has received grants or contracts from BioNTech, Impact Epilysis and UCB; consulting fees from BioNTech, GambleAware, International Centre for Research on Women, John Snow Inc, Pathfinder, UCB and UNAIDS. EA: has received consulting fees from MSD, Sanofi Pasteur and VIHTALI; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from GSK, Moderna, Pfizer and VIHTALI; has participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for GSK, Moderna, MSD, Sanofi Pasteur and VIHTALI. CAR: has received consulting fees from GSK. RO-Y: has received grants or contracts from AstraZeneca. PL: has received consulting fees and support for attending meetings and/or travel from AstraZeneca, GSK, Moderna, MSD, Pfizer, Seqirus and Sanofi Pasteur; has received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AstraZeneca, GSK, MSD, Moderna, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur and Seqirus.

Ethics approval: This research study was conducted retrospectively from data obtained for clinical purposes. The study complied with all applicable laws regarding subject privacy. No direct subject contact or primary collection of individual human subject data occurred. Study results are in tabular form and presented as aggregate analyses that omit subject identification, therefore informed consent, ethics committee or institutional review board approval was not required.