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Article History

Received: 23 February 2026

Accepted: 26 April 2026

First Online: 4 May 2026

Declarations

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: Yannik Vollmuth reports having received travel support from CSL Behring, outside the submitted work. Johannes Hübner reports having received speaker and/or consultancy fees from GSK, MSD, Sanofi, Pfizer, BioNTech, Moderna, Seqirus, AstraZeneca, bioMérieux, and Seegene, all outside the submitted work. Tilmann Schober reports having received speaker and/or consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Sanofi, bioMérieux, and Viatris, all outside the submitted work. Melanie Meyer-Bühn reports having received and/or consultancy fees from bioMérieux and Seegene, all outside the submitted work. Uta Behrends reports no conflicts of interest. Marco Paolini reports no conflicts of interest. Astrid Blaschek reports no conflicts of interest. Christoph Klein reports no conflicts of interest. Gerhard Dobler reports no conflicts of interest. Jana Beer reports no conflicts of interest. Benjamin Soric reports no conflicts of interest.

: During the preparation of this work the authors used ChatGPT exclusively for language editing and proofreading. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.