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Authors
Beißert, Hanna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7767-3308
Staat, Miriam
Fehringer, Benedict C. O. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3988-964X
Weiß, Hanna
Bonefeld, Meike https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2301
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DIPF | Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation
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Article History
Received: 23 November 2024
Revised: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: H. Beißert, M. Staat, B.C.O.F. Fehringer, H. Weiß and M. Bonefeld declare that they have no competing interests. No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. No funding was received for conducting this study.
: A formal ethical review was not required for this study, in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. Nevertheless, the study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of DGPs (German Psychological Society). All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and in line with the General Data Protection Regulation of the EU. Before starting the actual survey, participants were informed of their data protection rights and that participation in the study was anonymous and voluntary. They were informed that there were no negative consequences or disadvantages for not participating or leaving the study early without completing it. Prior to the assessment, participants had to confirm that they were willing to participate in the study and understood the information.
