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Authors
Dangi, Dharmendra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1531-024X
Sharma, Abhay https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3024-8706
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Article History
Received: 18 September 2024
Revised: 21 December 2024
Accepted: 23 July 2025
First Online: 13 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors confirm that this research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
: Despite these successes, challenges persist. Analysis showed that the models had difficulty handling ambiguous or sarcastic sentiments, especially in the IMDB dataset, highlighting limitations in detecting subtle linguistic cues.
