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Authors
Algarni, Mariam
Berrada, Kamal
Abdel-Khalek, Sayed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
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Article History
Received: 22 October 2025
Revised: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 23 January 2026
Change Date: 7 March 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: Mathematics Subject Classification 81P40 · 81Q93 · 81P45 · 81S22 has been removed.
Declartions
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
